Integumentary System

Our integumentary systems has a lot of function in our body such as:

• it protects from invasion of disease producing pathogens
• keeps the body from drying out
• acts as a storage for fatty tissue
• produces vitamin D
• provides sensory input
• regulates body temperature

The mani organ of the integumentary system is the skin, which is the largest oragan it has 3 layers namely.

1. Epidermis- made up of 5-6 layers
2. Dermis-also known as corium or tue skin
3. Sucutaneos Fascia-hypodermis,contains fat

Dermis contains 2 sweat glands, Apocrine and Eccrine

appocrine-secretes at the fair follicles of groins and anal regions as weel as armpits.

eccrine-regulate body temperature.

Integumentary system also includes the Nails and Hair.

Disorders of the Skeletal System

Disorders of the Integumentary System

1. Abrasion-mechanically scraping away a portion of the skin's layer.
2. Acne-oversecretion of sebum
3. Atlehete's Foot-occurs in areas of contionous moisture.
4. Bed Sore-lack of blood flow to skin that has pressure applied.
5. Boil-acute inflammantory
6. Cold Sore-fever blister, herpes simplex virus.
7. Dermititis-inflammatory process caused by irritants
8. Eczema-duperficial form of dermititis.
9. Hives-allergic reaction produces reddened patches.
10. Psoriaris-circular borders.
11. Scabies-caused by egg-laying mites.
12. Shingles-inflammatory condition onvolves nervous system.
13. Skin Cancer- has alot of types some of them are :

• Squamous cell carcinoma-develops depeer into the tissue
• Basal cell carcinoma-can be succesfully treated
• Malignant Melanoma- most serious and least sucessfully treated

Skeletal System Diseases

• Kyphosis- humpback, thorax
• Lordosis-swayback, usually in the lumbar region
• Scoliosis -sideways bend and sway in the spinal column
• Calcification-hardening of cartilage
• Arthritis-inflammatory process of the joints
• Osteoporosis-condition decreasing bone density.

MUSCULAR DiSEASES

Muscular dicseases are dived into two catogories namely

MUCOSKELTAL DiSORDERS and NEUROMUSCULAR DiSEASE

disease under MUCOSKELETAL are:

a. Myalgia- pain or tenderness in a muscle.
b.Fibromyalgia-aches, pains and muscle stiffness of analomical region.
-affects woman under 40
c.Ataxia-irregular action/ lack of coordination.
d.Paralysis-complete or partial loss of muscle function.
-damage in the lower spinal cord.
e.Spasm/Cramps-prolonged contraction of the muscle.
f. Sprains-breaks or tears ligaments.
g.Strains-breaks or tears tendons.
h.Shin Splints-inflammantory condition of the lower leg.
i.Hernia-occurs when there is tear in th muscle wall.
j.Tendinitis-tendons are inflammed.

NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE is due to the association of nevous and muscular system.

a.Myasthenia Gravis-increasing muscle weakness
b.Muscular Dystrophy-muscle fiber degenerate
-progressive muscle weakness.
c.Guillan-Barre Syndrome-loss of reflexes
d.Tetanus-muscle go into major spasm

Muscular system- came from the latin word mus, "mouse"





It has 3 types:

1.Cardiac-(voluntary) found on the walls on the heart
2.Skeletal-(involuntary) muscles which are attached to the bones
3.Smooth-(voluntary) commonly found on the walls of the internal organ

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Skeletal system is not only the framework of our body. It also has a lot of functions such as its provides protection, allows movement, produces blood cells , stores minerals, and it also helps us to breathe.

It can be classified in to four types; long bones, short bones, flat bones and irregular bones.

Bone tissue has two types compact which are found in the outer layer of the body while Spongy are lined with endosteum.





Cells are nedeed in the formation and growth of bones.


There are 4 types of cells.

• osteoprogenitor- formed in the periosteum, endosteum and central cell


• osteoblast-cells that actually form bones


• osteocytes-originally osteoblats sorround with fat


• osteoclast- tears down bown material.

Joints connects bones to bones it also allows movements. It has three structures namely Fibrous, Cartilage ans Synovial. Synovial can be furtherly divided into & types;

• Saddle- rocks up and down and side and side


• Candyloid-one place to another but no rotation


• Ellipsoidal-two axes of movement


• Pivot joints-rotates


• Ball and socket-rotation


• Hinge-open and close


• Gliding-back and forth