ENDOCRiNE SYSTEM

~>> a series of organs and glands that secretes hormones

Hormones- chemical messengers released by endocrine glands

Steroids: powerful hormones

interact directly with the cells DNA

MAJOR ENDOCRiNE GLANDS

Hypothalamus- commander-in-chief

- controls pituitary gland and other glands

Pituitary- master gland

divided into 2:

Neurohypophysis- extension of hypothalamus

Andrenohypophysis-endocrine gland on its own

Thyroid gland-anterior portion of the neck

Parahyroid gland- its hormone regulates blood calcium in the blood dtream

Thymus gland- located in the upper thorax

Pineal gland- found in the brain

Pancreas- maintains blood sugar level

Adrenal Glands-pair of small glands sit on top of the kidney

has 2 types:

Adrenal medulla- middle of the gland

Andrenal cortex- secretes andrenocorticosteroids

Gonads- secretes male and female hormones

NERVOUS SYSTEM 2 :>

Brain ! :>

brain is divided into 3 parts, cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem.

CEREBRUM:

its surface has gyri(ridges) and sulcus (grooves) known as convulutions

which makes the large surface of the brain to fit in the head.

divided into parts the right and left hemisphere

it has 4 lobes:

1. frontal: motor, speech

2.parietal: sense perception, taste, speech

3.occipital: vision

4.temporal:emotions , hearing

insula- known to be as 5th lobe

- not seen

- coordinate autonomic functions

CEREBRUM:

• divided through cerebrum by transverse fissure
• sensory , motor coordination and balance
• also known as little brain

BRAiN STEM:

~receives sensory information

divided into 3 sections:

• medulla oblongata: impulses, heartbeat, breathing cardiovascular system, blood pressure
• pons: breathing
• midbrain: two-way conduction pathway, visual and auditory impulses

DiENCEPHALON

~section of the brain that is not visible from the exterior

divided into 4:

1.Thalamus-processes info. coming from the cerebrum

2.Hypothalamus- regulates hormone levels

3.Pineal Body- secretion of melatonin

4.Pituitary Gland-secretes hormones.